纳米TiO_2/电气石光催化性能的影响研究

本研究系统分析了纳米TiO2/电气石复合光催化材料脱色甲基橙(MO)的主要影响因素,实验研究发现:制备条件为烧结温度550℃、烧结时间2.5h时,制得的复合样品具有最佳的光催化效果。催化剂用量和溶液pH值的最佳值分别为3g·L-1和7,此时MO脱色率达到最大值。随着反应时间的增加和MO初始浓度的降低,MO脱色率均呈增加的趋势。     

尖晶石型铁氧体Cu_xZn_(1-x)Fe_2O_4(x=0~0.5)的制备及光催化性能的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了尖晶石型铁氧体Cu x Zn1-x Fe2O4。利用XRD,SEM对纳米颗粒的结构、形貌进行了表征。结果表明,所合成的样品为尖晶石型铁氧体,形貌呈规则颗粒,随着Cu掺杂量的增加可使样品粒径减小。通过对甲基橙的降解情况对其光催化活性进行了研究。结果表明,经过Cu2+掺杂可加快甲基橙降解速率,少量掺杂的Cu x Zn1-x Fe2O4样品,光催化活性可以提高。     

The study of thermodynamics and kinetics methyl orange and malachite green by SWCNTs,SWCNT-COOH and SWCNT-NH2 as adsorbents from aqueous solution

The effective removal of dyes from aqueous wastes is among the most important issues for many industrialized countries. Removal of methyl orange (MO) and malachite green (MG) from aqueous solutions were studied using single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), carboxylate functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT-COOH) and amide functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT-NH₂). The adsorption process was found to be controlled by temperature, ionic strength, initial concentration, adsorbent dosage and contact time. The microstructure of carbon nanotubes was characterized using SEM and FTIR. The adsorbents studied exhibits high efficiency for MO and MG adsorption and the equilibrium states could be achieved in 20, 20, 15 (min) for SWCNTs, SWCNT-COOH, SWCNT-NH₂, respectively. Adsorption capacity of each adsorbent increased with increasing active groups on the surface of carbon nanotube, where SWCNT-NH₂ was the most effectively adsorbent.     

纳米氧化锌光催化降解甲基橙的研究

以硝酸锌、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为原料,反应温度为80℃,反应时间为8 h,通过加热煅烧制备出纳米氧化锌粉体,煅烧温度500℃可制备纳米级的ZnO粉末,平均粒径为32 nm;水溶液中甲基橙在ZnO光照催化下,能迅速分解。以甲基橙为脱色对象,讨论了催化剂用量、光照时间及pH值对光催化降解甲基橙性能的影响。     

g-C_3N_4/TiO_2复合光催化剂的制备及其性能研究

以四异丙醇钛和三乙胺为原料,通过水解法合成TiO2。三聚氰胺于580℃煅烧得到g-C3N4,g-C3N4与TiO2按一定比例混合,在超声波条件下加入适量的甲醇得到复合材料g-C3N4/TiO2。以甲基橙为光催化反应模型考察了复合材料的紫外光催化活性。结果表明,g-C3N4/TiO2具有良好的光催化活性,用量3%时,甲基橙脱色率达96.6%。     

酵母036对一种偶氮染料废水的降解与脱色

从长期染色废水污染土壤中，筛选到１株酵母０３６。以直接橙Ｓ８作唯一氮源时，探讨了不同碳源。不同ｐＨ和不同温度及固定化细胞，对Ｓ８降解率和脱色率的影响。     

Photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange by TiO2-coated activated carbon and kinetic study

TiO2-coated activated carbon (AC) grain (TiO2/AC) was prepared through hydrolytic precipitation of TiO2 from Tetrabutylorthotitanate and following heat treatment. The TiO2/AC was characterized by BET, SEM, XRD and optical absorption spectroscopy. The samples were employed as catalysts for methyl orange photocatalytic oxidation degradation in aqueous suspension, used as probe reaction. The kinetics of methyl orange photodegradation was analyzed. The results indicate that BET surface area of TiO2-coated ACs decreased drastically in comparison with the original AC with increasing TiO2 coatings by more than 1 doped cycle. Nano-TiO2 particles were dispersed on the AC with the size of 20-40 nm. Crystalline TiO2 doped onto AC was from anatase to rutile with increase of heat-treatment temperature. The TiO2/AC was shown high photoactivity for the photodegradation of methyl orange (MO) dyestuff in aqueous solution under UV irradiation. The kinetics of photocatalytic MO dyestuff degradation was found to follow a pseudo-first-order rate law. It was observed that the presence of the AC enhanced the photoefficiency of the titanium dioxide catalyst. Different amount of TiO2 coatings induced different increases in the apparent first-order rate constant of the process. The kinetic behavior could be described in terms of a modified Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. The values of the adsorption equilibrium constants for the organic molecules, KC, and for the rate constants, kc, were certainly dependent on TiO2 content. At 47wt% TiO2 coatings with the highest rate constant, the KC and kc was 0.1116l mmol(-1) and 0.1872 mmol l(-1) min(-1), respectively. The mechanism of methyl orange degradation was discussed in terms of the titanium dioxide photosensitization by the AC.     

硅藻精土负载纳米零价铁降解甲基橙废水研究

纳米零价铁/硅藻精土复合材料是一种具有广阔实际应用前景的新型环保材料。以硅藻精土为载体,采用离心法预先吸附溶液中的Fe2+,然后采用液相还原法,制得一种纳米零价铁/硅藻精土环境功能复合材料,结果表明,制备的纳米零价铁/硅藻精土复合材料能够有效降解水中甲基橙;当负载量为5%、催化剂用量为1 g/L、p H值为3.0、甲基橙的质量浓度为20 mg/L、体积为40 m L时,10 min后甲基橙降解率可达90%以上,降解过程符合准二级反应动力学。     

滑动弧放电等离子体-溶液系统协同零价铁降解酸性橙Ⅱ

为探究等离子体-溶液系统联合零价铁(ZVI)Fenton反应对酸性橙Ⅱ(AOⅡ)的降解效果,考察ZVI对降解过程的促进作用及降解机理,建立了滑动弧等离子-溶液系统进行了实验研究。以质量浓度200 mg/L的AOⅡ为例,改变ZVI投加量分别为0、4、7、10、13 g。结果显示ZVI投加量为10 g时,AOⅡ的降解程度最高,为97.8%。等离子体-溶液系统中滑动弧放电产生的H2O2与加入的ZVI结合发生Fenton反应,AOⅡ降解过程遵守一级动力学规律。对比不加入ZVI时的AOⅡ反应速率常数,加入10 g ZVI后初始质量浓度为100、150、200、250、300 mg/L的AOⅡ反应速率常数分别提高了12.9%、31.0%、39.4%、44.3%、47.8%。溶液化学需氧量(COD)去除率也表明了在降解过程中加入ZVI能够有效地提高降解率。运用色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)测定了AOⅡ的降解机理,认为*OH攻击AOⅡ分子上与萘环相连的—N N—键,导致—N N—键的断裂,并经过一系列的氧化过程后形成无机小分子物质。